"vazal" meaning in All languages combined

See vazal on Wiktionary

Noun [Czech]

IPA: [ˈvazal]
Rhymes: -azal Etymology: Borrowed from German Vasall. Etymology templates: {{bor+|cs|de|Vasall}} Borrowed from German Vasall Head templates: {{cs-noun|m-an|f=vazalka}} vazal m anim (female equivalent vazalka) Inflection templates: {{cs-ndecl|m.an}} Forms: vazalka [feminine], animate [table-tags], vazal [nominative, singular], vazalové [nominative, plural], vazala [genitive, singular], vazalů [genitive, plural], vazalovi [dative, singular], vazalu [dative, singular], vazalům [dative, plural], vazala [accusative, singular], vazaly [accusative, plural], vazale [singular, vocative], vazalové [plural, vocative], vazalovi [locative, singular], vazalu [locative, singular], vazalech [locative, plural], vazalem [instrumental, singular], vazaly [instrumental, plural]
  1. vassal (grantee of a fief, feud, or fee) Tags: animate, masculine Categories (topical): Feudalism, People Synonyms: leník, vasal
    Sense id: en-vazal-cs-noun-S17SA46h Categories (other): Czech entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries

Noun [Dutch]

IPA: /vaːˈzɑl/ Audio: Nl-vazal.ogg Forms: vazallen [plural], vazalletje [diminutive, neuter]
Etymology: From Middle Dutch vassael, vasal, from Old French vassal. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|vassael}} Middle Dutch vassael, {{der|nl|fro|vassal}} Old French vassal Head templates: {{nl-noun|m|-en|+}} vazal m (plural vazallen, diminutive vazalletje n)
  1. vassal Wikipedia link: nl:vazal Tags: masculine Derived forms: vazalstaat
    Sense id: en-vazal-nl-noun-zZkONQbA Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries

Noun [Serbo-Croatian]

IPA: /ʋǎzaːl/
Head templates: {{sh-noun|g=m|head=vàzāl}} vàzāl m (Cyrillic spelling ва̀за̄л) Inflection templates: {{sh-decl-noun|vàzāl|vazali|vazála|vazálā|vazalu|vazalima|vazala|vazale|vazale|vazali|vazalu|vazalima|vazalom|vazalima}} Forms: vàzāl [canonical, masculine], ва̀за̄л [Cyrillic], no-table-tags [table-tags], vàzāl [nominative, singular], vazali [nominative, plural], vazála [genitive, singular], vazálā [genitive, plural], vazalu [dative, singular], vazalima [dative, plural], vazala [accusative, singular], vazale [accusative, plural], vazale [singular, vocative], vazali [plural, vocative], vazalu [locative, singular], vazalima [locative, plural], vazalom [instrumental, singular], vazalima [instrumental, plural]
  1. vassal Related terms: vazalitet, vazalski, vazalstvo
    Sense id: en-vazal-sh-noun-zZkONQbA Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Vasall"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from German Vasall",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Vasall.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vazalka",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "animate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazal",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalové",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalů",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalům",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazaly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalové",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalech",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazaly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-an",
        "f": "vazalka"
      },
      "expansion": "vazal m anim (female equivalent vazalka)",
      "name": "cs-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "va‧zal"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m.an"
      },
      "name": "cs-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "cs",
          "name": "Feudalism",
          "orig": "cs:Feudalism",
          "parents": [
            "Forms of government",
            "Government",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "cs",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "cs:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vassal (grantee of a fief, feud, or fee)"
      ],
      "id": "en-vazal-cs-noun-S17SA46h",
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "leník"
        },
        {
          "word": "vasal"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvazal]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-azal"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vazal"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "vassael"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch vassael",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch vassael, vasal, from Old French vassal.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vazallen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalletje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "vazal m (plural vazallen, diminutive vazalletje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "va‧zal"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "vazalstaat"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vassal"
      ],
      "id": "en-vazal-nl-noun-zZkONQbA",
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "nl:vazal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vaːˈzɑl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-vazal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-vazal.ogg/Nl-vazal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-vazal.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vazal"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vàzāl",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ва̀за̄л",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vàzāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazála",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazálā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "vàzāl"
      },
      "expansion": "vàzāl m (Cyrillic spelling ва̀за̄л)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "va‧zal"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vàzāl",
        "10": "vazali",
        "11": "vazalu",
        "12": "vazalima",
        "13": "vazalom",
        "14": "vazalima",
        "2": "vazali",
        "3": "vazála",
        "4": "vazálā",
        "5": "vazalu",
        "6": "vazalima",
        "7": "vazala",
        "8": "vazale",
        "9": "vazale"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vassal"
      ],
      "id": "en-vazal-sh-noun-zZkONQbA",
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "vazalitet"
        },
        {
          "word": "vazalski"
        },
        {
          "word": "vazalstvo"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʋǎzaːl/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vazal"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Vasall"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from German Vasall",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Vasall.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vazalka",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "animate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazal",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalové",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalů",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalům",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazaly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalové",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalech",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazaly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-an",
        "f": "vazalka"
      },
      "expansion": "vazal m anim (female equivalent vazalka)",
      "name": "cs-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "va‧zal"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m.an"
      },
      "name": "cs-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Czech animate nouns",
        "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
        "Czech hard masculine animate nouns",
        "Czech lemmas",
        "Czech masculine animate nouns",
        "Czech masculine nouns",
        "Czech nouns",
        "Czech terms borrowed from German",
        "Czech terms derived from German",
        "Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Czech/azal",
        "Rhymes:Czech/azal/2 syllables",
        "cs:Feudalism",
        "cs:People"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vassal (grantee of a fief, feud, or fee)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "leník"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvazal]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-azal"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vasal"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vazal"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "vazalstaat"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "vassael"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch vassael",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch vassael, vasal, from Old French vassal.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vazallen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalletje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "vazal m (plural vazallen, diminutive vazalletje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "va‧zal"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
        "Dutch lemmas",
        "Dutch masculine nouns",
        "Dutch nouns",
        "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
        "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
        "Dutch terms derived from Old French",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vassal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "nl:vazal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vaːˈzɑl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-vazal.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-vazal.ogg/Nl-vazal.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-vazal.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vazal"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vàzāl",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ва̀за̄л",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vàzāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazála",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazálā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazala",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vazalima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "vàzāl"
      },
      "expansion": "vàzāl m (Cyrillic spelling ва̀за̄л)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "va‧zal"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vàzāl",
        "10": "vazali",
        "11": "vazalu",
        "12": "vazalima",
        "13": "vazalom",
        "14": "vazalima",
        "2": "vazali",
        "3": "vazála",
        "4": "vazálā",
        "5": "vazalu",
        "6": "vazalima",
        "7": "vazala",
        "8": "vazale",
        "9": "vazale"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "vazalitet"
    },
    {
      "word": "vazalski"
    },
    {
      "word": "vazalstvo"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
        "Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
        "Serbo-Croatian nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vassal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʋǎzaːl/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vazal"
}

Download raw JSONL data for vazal meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.